21.2 Attributive Adjectives I

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We put an attributive adjective before a noun to modify the noun. We use the particle 嘅 ge3 to link an attributive adjective and a noun. Notice 嘅 ge3 is also the particle we use to form possessive constructions (See Grammar and Vocabulary 2.4).

Attributive
Adjective

ge3
Noun
好食餐廳delicious restaurant
hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
deliciousPartrestaurant
In Cantonese, we can describe a restaurant as delicious.

To negate an attributive adjective, we can put the adverb 唔 (‘not’) before it.


m4
‘not’
Attributive
Adjective

ge3
Noun
好食餐廳not delicious restaurant
m4hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
notdeliciousPartrestaurant

We can put a degree word before an attributive adjective to indicate different levels of intensity of the adjective.

Degree
Word
Attributive
Adjective

ge3
Noun
好食餐廳very delicious restaurant
hou2hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
verydeliciousPartrestaurant
好食餐廳strongly delicious restaurant
ging6hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
stronglydeliciousPartrestaurant
好食餐廳super delicious restaurant
ciu1hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
superdeliciousPartrestaurant
好食餐廳quite delicious restaurant
gei2hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
quitedeliciousPartrestaurant
唔係好好食餐廳not very delicious restaurant
m4 hai6 hou2hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
not verydeliciousPartrestaurant
唔係幾好食餐廳not quite delicious restaurant
m4 hai6 gei2hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
not quitedeliciousPartrestaurant

We can omit the particle 嘅 ge3 when using some attributive adjectives (e.g., 新 san1 ‘new’). There are no general rules to decide when we can omit 嘅 ge3.

✔️ 新嘅餐廳
san1 ge3 caan1 teng1
✔️ 新餐廳
san1 caan1 teng1
new restaurant

⚠️ If we want to add a degree word, we always need the particle 嘅 ge3.

❌ 好新餐廳
hou2 san1 caan1 teng1
✔️ 好新餐廳
hou2 san1 ge3 caan1 teng1
very new restaurant

We don’t usually add a degree word before some attributive adjectives (e.g., 新開 san1 hoi1 ‘newly opened’).

新開嘅餐廳
hou2 san1 hoi1 ge3 caan1 teng1
✔️ 新開嘅餐廳
san1 hoi1 ge3 caan1 teng1
newly opened restaurant

If we want to indicate the quantity, we put the number and the classifier before the attributive adjective, or before the degree word if any. When the number is 一 jat1 (‘one’), the phrase can also be an indefinite noun phrase.

NumberClassifierDegree
Word
Attributive
Adjective

ge3
Noun
好食餐廳one very delicious restaurant /
a very delicious restaurant
jat1gaan1hou2hou2 sik6ge3caan1 teng1
oneCLverydeliciousPartrestaurant
餐廳two new restaurants
loeng5gaan1san1caan1 teng1
twoCLnewrestaurant