53.1 Forming Comparative Adjectives with the Suffix 過 gwo3 (‘more … than’)

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In Grammar and Vocabulary 27.4, we learned that we can put the suffix 啲 di1 (‘more’) after an adjective to form a comparative adjective. We also learned that when we use a comparative adjective as a predicative adjective, we don’t need to add the default adverb 好 hou2 or a degree word before the adjective.

SubjectAdjective啲
di1
‘more’
呢個款靚啲。
ni1 go3 fun2leng3di1.
this designbeautifulmore
This design is more beautiful.
呢隻色特別啲。
ni1 zek3 sik1dak6 bit6di1.
this colorspecialmore
This color is more special.

We use comparative adjectives to compare two items. When using 啲 di1, we only mention one item in the sentence. If we want to mention both items within the same sentence for comparison, we can use the suffix 過 gwo3 (‘more … than’) to form a comparative adjective. We put the first item at the position of the subject and the second item after 過 gwo3. We don’t need to add the default adverb 好 hou2 or a degree word before the adjective.

Subject
(Item 1)
Adjective過
gwo3
‘more … than’
Item 2
呢個款靚過嗰個款。
ni1 go3 fun2leng3gwo3go2 go3 fun2.
this designbeautifulmore thanthat design
This design is more beautiful than that design.
呢隻色特別過嗰隻色。
ni1 zek3 sik1dak6 bit6gwo3go2 zek3 sik1.
this colorspecialmore thanthat color
This color is more special than that color.

If we want to add the adverb 好似 hou2 ci5 (‘seem’) and the pronoun 噉 gam2 (‘seem’), we can put 好似 hou2 ci5 before the adjective and 噉 gam2 after the second item.

Subject
(Item 1)
好似
hou2 ci5
‘seem’
Adjective過
gwo3
‘more … than’
Item 2噉
gam2
‘seem’
呢個款好似靚過嗰個款噉。
ni1 go3 fun2hou2 ci5leng3gwo3go2 go3 fun2gam2.
this designseembeautifulmore thanthat designseem
This design seems more beautiful than that design.
呢隻色好似特別過嗰隻色噉。
ni1 zek3 sik1hou2 ci5dak6 bit6gwo3go2 zek3 sik1gam2.
this colorseemspecialmore thanthat colorseem
This color seems more special than that color.