41.7 Using 嚟 lai4 / lei4 (‘to come’) to Indicate Purposes

Audio is not available for this page yet.

We can use the word 嚟 lai4 ('to come’, also pronounced as lei4) to indicate the purpose of an action in the following sentence structure. The action in the first verb phrase usually involves getting, bringing or handling an item (e.g., 買 maai5 ‘to buy’, 拎 ling1 ‘to take’ and cooking verbs). This item will be used to complete the purpose in the second verb phrase. 嚟 lai4 here functions like the English word to (as in I want to buy a fish to boil soup). In grammar, this structure is a serial verb construction.

SubjectVerb Phrase 1
lai4
‘to come’
Verb Phrase 2
ActionItemPurpose
條魚煲湯
ngo5maai5tiu4 jyu2lai4bou1 tong1.
Ibuya fishcomeboil soup
I buy a fish to boil soup.
隻雞整豉油雞
ngo5ling1zek3 gai1lai4zing2 si6 jau4 gai1.
Itakethe chickencomeSoy Sauce Chicken
I take the chicken to make Soy Sauce Chicken.

We can omit the item in the first verb phrase if it is obvious in the context.

SubjectVerb Phrase 1
lai4
‘to come’
Verb Phrase 2
ActionItemPurpose
條魚煲湯
ngo5maai5tiu4 jyu2lai4bou1 tong1.
Ibuya fishcomeboil soup
I buy it to boil soup.
隻雞整豉油雞
ngo5ling1zek3 gai1lai4zing2 si6 jau4 gai1.
Itakethe chickencomeSoy Sauce Chicken
I take it to make Soy Sauce Chicken.

If the first verb phrase and the second verb phrase have the same object, we will omit the object in the second verb phrase.

SubjectVerb Phrase 1
lai4
‘to come’
Verb Phrase 2
ActionItemPurpose
條魚條魚
ngo5maai5tiu4 jyu2lai4zin1 tiu4 jyu2.
Ibuya fishcomepan-fry a fish
I buy a fish to pan-fry.
隻雞隻雞
ngo5ling1zek3 gai1lai4zing1 zek3 gai1.
Itakethe chickencomesteam the chicken
I take the chicken to steam.

We can also use this structure to indicate the cooking method for something. We can put the cooking verb in the first verb phrase and the verb 食 sik6 (‘to eat’) in the second verb phrase. We often omit the item.

SubjectVerb Phrase 1
lai4
‘to come’
Verb Phrase 2
ActionPurpose
ngo5zin1lai4sik6.
Ipan-frycomeeat
I pan-fry it to eat.
ngo5zing1lai4sik6.
Isteamcomeeat
I steam it to eat.

We can add a modal verb (e.g., 想 soeng2 ‘to want to’, 要 jiu3 ‘to need to’, 會 wui5 ‘will’) or 諗住 nam2 zyu6 (‘to plan to’) before the first verb phrase.

買條魚嚟煲湯。
ngo5 soeng2 maai5 tiu4 jyu2 lai4 bou1 tong1.
I want to buy a fish to boil soup.

拎嚟整豉油雞。
ngo5 wui5 ling1 lai4 zing2 si6 jau4 gai1.
I will take it [the chicken] to make Soy Sauce Chicken.

諗住煎嚟食。
ngo5 nam2 zyu6 zin1 lai4 sik6.
I plan to pan-fry it to eat.