4.6 The Modal Verb 識 sik1 (‘to know how to’)

The modal verb sik1 means ‘to know how to’. We put a verb for a skill or an activity after 識 sik1.

Subject
sik1
(‘to know how to’)
Verb for a skill or
an activity

ngo5

sik1
游水
jau4 seoi2

.
I know how to swim.

We put m4 (‘not’) before 識 sik1 to negate 識 sik1.

Subject
m4
(‘not’)

sik1
(‘to know how to’)
Verb for a skill or
an activity

ngo5

m4

sik1
游水
jau4 seoi2

.
I don't know how to swim.

We use the X-not-X construction to form yes-no questions with 識 sik1. Notice X will be 識 sik1 instead of the verb behind it.

Positive form
(X)
+Negative form
(not X)
=X-not-X

sik1
know how to
+ 唔識
m4 sik1
not know how to
= 識唔識
sik1 m4 sik1

你識唔識游水㗎?
nei5 sik1 m4 sik1 jau4 seoi2 gaa3?
Do you know how to swim?

To answer the question, we can give a long answer or a short answer. We give a short answer more often.

Long answerShort answer
Positive
answer
我識游水呀。
ngo5 sik1 jau4 seoi2 aa3.
Yes, I know how to swim.
識呀。
sik1 aa3.
Yes.
Negative
answer
我唔識游水呀。
ngo5 m4 sik1 jau4 seoi2 aa3.
No, I don’t know how to swim.
唔識呀。
m4 sik1 aa3.
No.