4.6 The Modal Verb 識 sik1 (‘to know how to’)

The modal verb sik1 means ‘to know how to’. We put a verb for a skill or an activity after 識 sik1.

Subject
sik1
‘to know how to’
Verb
(Skill / Activity)
游水
ngo5sik1jau4 seoi2.
Iknow how toswim
I know how to swim.

We put m4 (‘not’) before 識 sik1 to negate 識 sik1.

Subject
m4
‘not’

sik1
‘to know how to’
Verb
(Skill / Activity)
游水
ngo5m4sik1jau4 seoi2.
Inotknow how toswim
I don’t know how to swim.

We use the X-not-X construction to form yes-no questions with 識 sik1. Notice X will be 識 sik1 instead of the verb behind it.

Positive form
(X)
Negative form
(not X)
X-not-X

sik1
know how to
+ 唔識
m4 sik1
not know how to
識唔識
sik1 m4 sik1
know how to not know how to

你識唔識游水㗎?
nei5 sik1 m4 sik1 jau4 seoi2 gaa3?
Do you know how to swim?

To answer the question, we can give a long answer or a short answer. We give a short answer more often.

Long AnswerShort Answer
Positive
Answer
我識游水呀。
ngo5 sik1 jau4 seoi2 aa3.
Yes, I know how to swim.
識呀。
sik1 aa3.
Yes.
Negative
Answer
我唔識游水呀。
ngo5 m4 sik1 jau4 seoi2 aa3.
No, I don’t know how to swim.
唔識呀。
m4 sik1 aa3.
No.