13.2 Duration I (Year, Month and Day)

We can use the words for dates to indicate duration.

The words 年 nin4 (‘year’) and 日 jat6 (‘day’) are measurement unit classifiers. They are used alone without a noun. We simply put the number of years or days before them.

NumberClassifier
十年10 years
sap6nin4
10year
NumberClassifier
十日10 days
sap6jat6
10day

The word 月 jyut6 (‘month’) is a noun instead of a classifier. We add the classifier 個 go3 between the number and 月 jyut6.

NumberClassifierNoun
十個月10 months
sap6go3jyut6
10CLmonth

We say 兩 loeng5 instead of 二 ji6 for ‘two’ because we are indicating a quantity.

兩年
loeng5 nin4
2 years

兩日
loeng5 jat6
2 days

兩個月
loeng5 go3 jyut6
2 months

The word 半 bun3 means ‘half’. We can put it before the classifier to mean ‘half a …’.

半年
bun3 nin4
half a year

半日
bun3 jat6
half a day

半個月
bun3 go3 jyut6
half a month

We put 半 bun3 after the classifier to indicate a number and a half. Notice for months, we put 半 bun3 after 個 go3.

兩年半
loeng5 nin4 bun3
2 and a half years

三日半
saam1 jat6 bun3
3 and a half days

四個半月
sei3 go3 bun3 jyut6
4 and a half months

When we put 半 bun3 after the classifier and the number is 一 jat1 (‘one’), we can optionally omit the number.

一年半
jat1 nin4 bun3
1 and a half years

一日半
jat1 jat6 bun3
1 and a half days

一個半月
jat1 go3 bun3 jyut6
1 and a half months

The word 幾 gei2 means ‘several’. We can put it before the classifier to mean ‘several …’. 幾 gei2 here usually refers to a quantity between 3 and 9 inclusive.

幾年
gei2 nin4
several years [3-9 years]

幾日
gei2 jat6
several days [3-9 days]

幾個月
gei2 go3 jyut6
several months [3-9 months]

We can put 幾 gei2 after 10, 20, 30, etc. to mean ’10, 20, 30 something, etc.’. 幾 gei2 here also usually refers to a quantity between 3 and 9 inclusive.

十幾年
sap6 gei2 nin4
10 something years [13-19 years]

二十幾日
ji6 sap6 gei2 jat6
20 something days [23-29 days]

三十幾個月
saam1 sap6 gei2 go3 jyut6
30 something months [33-39 months]

We can also put 幾 gei2 after the classifier to mean ‘… and slightly more’. Notice for months, we put 幾 gei2 after 個 go3. We usually use 幾 gei2 this way with a small number, usually not larger than 10.

兩年幾
loeng5 nin4 gei2
2 years and slightly more

三日幾
saam1 jat6 gei2
3 days and slightly more

四個幾月
sei3 go3 gei2 jyut6
4 months and slightly more

When we put 幾 gei2 after the classifier and the number is 一 jat1 (‘one’), we can optionally omit the number.

一年幾
jat1 nin4 gei2
1 and a half years

一日幾
jat1 jat6 gei2
1 and a half days

一個幾月
jat1 go3 gei2 jyut6
1 and a half months

Notice the meaning changes depending on whether 幾 gei2 is put before or after the classifier.

十幾年
sap6 gei2 nin4
10 something years

十年幾
sap6 nin4 gei2
10 years and slightly more