52.5 Indicating Attributes of Items

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In Grammar and Vocabulary 21.2, we learned to use an attributive adjective to modify a noun.

Attributive
Adjective
嘅
ge3
Noun
新嘅衫new top
san1ge3saam1
newParttop

We can say only the attributive adjective with 嘅 ge3 to mean ‘a … one’ or ‘… ones’.

Attributive
Adjective
嘅
ge3
新嘅a new one / new ones
san1ge3
newPart

In Grammar and Vocabulary 52.4, we also learned to use a noun to modify another noun.

Noun 1 嘅
ge3
Noun 2
黑色嘅褲black pants
hak1 sik1ge3fu3
blackPartpants
中碼嘅衫medium size top
zung1 maa5ge3saam1
medium sizeParttop

We can also say only the first noun with 嘅 ge3 to mean ‘a … one’ or ‘… ones’.

Noun 1 嘅
ge3
黑色嘅a black one / black ones
hak1 sik1ge3
blackPart
中碼嘅a medium size one / medium size ones
zung1 maa5ge3
medium sizePart

To mean ‘this one is a … one’ or ‘these … are … ones’, we can use the following two sentence structures. We often use these sentence structures to indicate the attribute of the items we have in our hands, such as their color, size or whether they’re new or a display item.

The first sentence structure is a sentence with the verb 係 hai6 (‘to be’). The subject complement will be the adjective or the noun with 嘅 ge3. If the number is 一 jat1 (‘one’), we can optionally omit the number.

SubjectVerbSubject Complement
呢
ni1
‘this’
NumberClassifier係
hai6
‘to be’
Adjective / Noun嘅
ge3
呢(一)件係黑色嘅。
ni1(jat1)gin6hai6hak1 sik1ge3.
thisoneCLbeblackPart
This one is a black one.
呢兩件係中碼嘅。
ni1loeng5gin6hai6zung1 maa5ge3.
thistwoCLbemedium sizePart
These two are medium size ones.
呢三件係新嘅。
ni1saam1gin6hai6san1ge3.
thisthreeCLbenewPart
These three are new ones.

The second sentence structure is a sentence that has a predicate without verbs (See Grammar and Vocabulary 12.4). The adjective or the noun with 嘅 ge3 will be the predicate on its own. If the number is 一 jat1 (‘one’), we can optionally omit the number.

SubjectPredicate
呢
ni1
‘this’
NumberClassifierAdjective / Noun嘅
ge3
呢(一)件黑色嘅。
ni1(jat1)gin6hak1 sik1ge3.
thisoneCLblackPart
This one is a black one.
呢兩件中碼嘅。
ni1loeng5gin6zung1 maa5ge3.
thistwoCLmedium sizePart
These two are medium size ones.
呢三件新嘅。
ni1saam1gin6san1ge3.
thisthreeCLnewPart
These three are new ones.