28.6 Topics I

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A topic is a type of grammatical component in a sentence. It is a special characteristic in the sentence structure of Chinese.

A topic appears at the beginning of a sentence. It sets the theme of the sentence which we will use to interpret the rest of the sentence. In grammar, we call the part after the topic comment.

Topic
Comment
(The part after the topic)

There are different types of topics. In this lesson, we will see that the object of a sentence is sometimes moved to the beginning of the sentence and becomes the topic of the sentence.

SubjectVerbObjectSP
今日瀨尿蝦
gam1 jat6mou5laai6 niu6 haa1aa3.
todaynot havemantis shrimpSP
There are no mantis shrimp available today.
 ↓
TopicComment
ObjectSubjectVerbSP
瀨尿蝦今日
laai6 niu6 haa1gam1 jat6mou5aa3.
mantis shrimptodaynot haveSP
There are no mantis shrimp available today.
The object 瀨尿蝦 laai6 niu6 haa1 (‘mantis shrimp’) is moved to the beginning of the sentence and becomes the topic of the sentence. 瀨尿蝦 laai6 niu6 haa1 sets the theme of the sentence which is used to interpreting the comment 今日冇呀 gam1 jat6 mou5 aa3.

Sometimes only part of the object is moved to the beginning of the sentence.

SubjectVerbObjectSP
你哋大定細嘅滷水拼盤
nei5 dei6jiu3daai6 ding6 sai3 ge3 lou5 seoi2 ping3 pun2ge2?
youwantlarge or small Master Stock PlatterSP
Do you want the large or the small Master Stock Platter?
 ↓
TopicComment
Part of ObjectSubjectVerbObjectSP
滷水拼盤你哋大定細
lou5 seoi2 ping3 pun2nei5 dei6jiu3daai6 ding6 sai3ge2?
Master Stock Platteryouwantlarge or smallSP
For Master Stock Platter, do you want the large or the small?
Part of the object 滷水拼盤 lou5 seoi2 ping3 pun2 (‘Master Stock Platter’) is moved to the beginning of the sentence and becomes the topic of the sentence. 滷水拼盤 lou5 seoi2 ping3 pun2 sets the theme of the sentence which is used to interpreting the comment 你哋要大定細嘅 nei5 dei6 jiu3 daai6 ding6 sai3 ge3. Notice 嘅 ge3 between 大定細 daai6 ding6 sai3 and 滷水拼盤 lou5 seoi2 ping3 pun2 is omitted after 滷水拼盤 lou5 seoi2 ping3 pun2 is moved to the beginning of the sentence.

We will learn about other types of topics in later lessons.